Week 4 Biology DQ Term Paper - 275 Words

Mendel's Hypotheses. Why DNA Sequencing is Important? (Term Paper Sample) Content: Week 4 DQ Student's Name:Institution:Week 4 DQ Question 1. Mendels HypothesesGregor Mendels first hypothesis states that in any organism there is a pair of factors that controls the appearance of a given characteristic (Alberts, 2008). This can be stated that in the cells of any living organisms, there are substances that contain information which determines how the specific organism is and differentiate from all others. These substances occur in pairs. The second hypothesis states that an organism inherits these factors from its parents, one from each (Alberts, 2008). This means that these factors are transmissible from the parents and each parent contributes a factor from the pair. This is the hypothesis used in the paternity tests. The gene map from a child in question is compared with that of the father. Question 2. Why DNA Sequencing is ImportantThe basic blueprint for any organism is its gene sequence. This sequencing of the DNA has been so important in many fi elds of genetics and related disciplines. First, the DNA sequence is important in molecular medicine. It allows easy diagnosis of diseases through gene identification. Secondly, it is important in evolution studies and bio-archaeology. This is done through germline mutation lineages. Human migration and history has also been studied using DNA and chromosome inheritance sequences such as the study of Y chromosome inheritance to study male migration. The third importance is the use of DNA in forensic studies, identification of criminals and to exonerate wrongly accused individuals. This also extends to its use in identity revealing in cases of vict...

World War II Potsdam Conference and Agreement

Having concluded the Yalta Conference in February 1945, the Big Three Allied leaders, Franklin Roosevelt (United States), Winston Churchill (Great Britain), and Joseph Stalin (USSR) agreed to meet again following victory in Europe to determine postwar borders, negotiate treaties, and resolve issues pertaining to the handling of Germany. This planned meeting was to be their third gathering, the first having been the November 1943 Tehran Conference. With the German surrender on May 8, the leaders scheduled a conference in the German town of Potsdam for July. Changes Before and During the Potsdam Conference On April 12, Roosevelt died and Vice President Harry S. Truman ascended to the presidency. Though a relative neophyte in foreign affairs, Truman was significantly more suspicious of Stalins motives and desires in Eastern Europe than his predecessor. Departing for Potsdam with Secretary of State James Byrnes, Truman hoped to reverse some the concessions that Roosevelt had given Stalin in the name of maintaining Allied unity during the war. Meeting at the Schloss Cecilienhof, the talks began on July 17. Presiding over the conference, Truman was initially aided by Churchills experience in dealing with Stalin. This came to an abrupt halt on July 26 when Churchills Conservative Party was stunningly defeated in the 1945 general elections. Held on July 5, the announcement of the results was delayed in order to accurately count votes coming from British forces serving abroad. With Churchills defeat, Britains wartime leader was replaced by incoming Prime Minister Clement Attlee and new Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin. Lacking Churchills vast experience and independent spirit, Attlee frequently deferred to Truman during the latter stages of the talks. As the conference began, Truman learned of the Trinity Test in New Mexico which signaled the successful completion of the Manhattan Project and the creation of the first atom bomb. Sharing this information with Stalin on July 24, he hoped that the new weapons existence would strengthen his hand in dealing with the Soviet leader. This new failed to impress Stalin as he had learned of the Manhattan Project through his spy network and was aware of its progress. Working to Create the Postwar World As talks commenced, the leaders confirmed that both Germany and Austria would be divided into four zones of occupation. Pressing on, Truman sought to mitigate the Soviet Unions demand for heavy reparations from Germany. Believing that the severe reparations levied by the post-World War I Treaty of Versailles had crippled the German economy leading the rise of the Nazis, Truman worked to limit war reparations. After extensive negotiations, it was agreed that Soviet reparations would be confined to their zone of occupation as well as 10% of the other zones surplus industrial capacity. The leaders also agreed that Germany should be demilitarized, identified and that all war criminals should be prosecuted. To achieve the first of these, industries associated with creating war materials were eliminated or reduced with the new German economy to be based on agriculture and domestic manufacturing. Among the controversial decisions to be reached at Potsdam were those pertaining to Poland. As part of the Potsdam talks, the U.S. and Britain agreed to recognize the Soviet-backed Provisional Government of National Unity rather than the Polish government-in-exile which had been based in London since 1939. In addition, Truman reluctantly agreed to accede to Soviet demands that Polands new western border lay along the Oder-Neisse Line. The use of these rivers to denote the new border saw Germany lose nearly a quarter of its prewar territory with most going to Poland and a large part of East Prussia to the Soviets. Though Bevin argued against the Oder-Neisse Line, Truman effectively traded this territory to gain concessions on the reparations issue. The transfer of this territory led to the displacement of large numbers of ethnic Germans and remained controversial for decades. In addition to these issues, the Potsdam Conference saw the Allies agree to the formation of a Council of Foreign Ministers that would prepare peace treaties with Germanys former allies. The Allied leaders also agreed to revise the 1936 Montreux Convention, which gave Turkey sole control over the Turkish Straits, that the U.S. and Britain would determine the government of Austria, and that Austria would not pay reparations. The results of the Potsdam Conference were formally presented in the Potsdam Agreement which was issued at the meetings end on August 2. The Potsdam Declaration On July 26, while at the Potsdam Conference, Churchill, Truman, and Nationalist Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek issued the Potsdam Declaration which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan. Reiterating the call for unconditional surrender, the Declaration stipulated that Japanese sovereignty was to be limited to the home islands, war criminals would be prosecuted, authoritarian government was to end, the military would be disarmed, and that an occupation would ensue. Despite these terms, it also emphasized that the Allies did not seek to destroy the Japanese as a people. Japan refused these terms despite an Allied threat that prompt and utter destruction would ensue. Reacting, to the Japanese, Truman ordered the atomic bomb to be used. The use of the new weapon on Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki (August 9) ultimately led to the surrender of Japan on September 2. Departing Potsdam, the Allied leaders would not meet again. The frosting over of US-Soviet relations that began during the conference ultimately escalated in the Cold War. Selected Sources The Avalon Project, The Berlin (Potsdam) Conference, July 17-August 2, 1945

The Ottoman Empire And Islamic Terrorism - 1345 Words

Topical Essay 1 The Ottoman Empire and Islamic Terrorism Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Global Terrorism Florida International University By Melinda J. Persaud November 7, 2014 Introduction What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to expand their territory, and spread their Islamic teachings. With this they had created a thirteenth century empire led by Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Osman surrounded himself with strong solders who specialized in ambushes, and hit and run tactics, they referred to these highly trained soldiers as â€Å"Janissaries†. The empire they built was the largest and most dominant of the Muslim empires. The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to terrorist movements, specifically Islamic terrorism. Wanting to spread their beliefs through violence, Islamic terrorist groups began to try to overpower certain nations. It not only existed in the later history but still seems to play a big role even today. This has spread throughout the world from the horrific tragedy of the World Trade Center all the way to the multiple bombings in the London Underground. One main terrorist group that has our focus today would be ISIS whose purpose is to create an Islamic state. This is only one example of a current Islamic terrorist group. Power, religion, and beliefs areShow MoreRelatedThe Ottoman Empire And Islamic Terrorism1193 Words   |  5 Pages The Ottoman Empire and Islamic Terrorism Florida International University By Melinda Persaud November 7, 2014 Introduction What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to gain land , and spread their Islamic teachings. With this they had created a thirteenth century empire led by Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Osman surroundedRead MoreThe Rise Of Terrorist Groups During The Middle East1328 Words   |  6 Pagesextremism and solve the problem permanently, the world and its inhabitants must deracinate this menace from its roots. Aside from religious fundamentalism, a large portion of the problem lies in the modern history of the Middle East. When the Ottoman Empire collapsed in 1920, combined British and French politicians, scholars, archaeologists, military officers and colonial administrators arbitrarily divided up the boundaries of the newly created nations in the Sykes-Picot agreement. In effect, theyRead MoreIslam, by Karen Armstrong762 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Quran in Mecca. 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Being the fastest-growing religion in the world, Islam’s 1.2 billion practitioners reside throughout the hemispheres. AlthoughRead MoreTerrorism and Homeland Security1138 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism and Homeland Security Answer to Question 2 Hamas was founded in 1987 and its aim was to address Palestinian quest for nation statehood and their consequent grievances (Herzog, 2006). The writer explains that the name is acronym in Arabic for Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya or the Islamic Resistance Movement. The groups ideology, the writer explains was outlined in its covenant of 1998. The covenant stipulates that the land of Palestine is an Islamic endowment. 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In contrast to what the media portrays, Islam is a peaceful religion, which does not promote violence or terrorism. Islamic stereotypes are not new to Western culture. Problems can be traced back to the time of the Crusades, when Christians and Muslims were vying for control of Jerusalem. At that time, the spread of Ottoman and Moorish control in Europe started to threaten the position of the Christian Church and the ruling class. The governments, churches, andRead MoreThe Rule Of The Ottoman Empire1637 Words   |  7 Pagesas 1516, Syria has been known to be ruled under Ottoman Turks Empire for well over several centuries. In 1916 Arabs and British military collaborated together and rebelled against Turkish rules. This allowed independence over the Turks for Arab countries and ending 400 years of supreme political power of the Ottoman Empire. After many years of restructuring Syria economics, social, and political fields, they combined the Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws up until the 1980’s. The criminal, civil,

Egyptian Love Poetry Essay Example For Students

Egyptian Love Poetry Essay Egyptian Love Potentiality Love Poetry The Egyptian love Story In are text was very Interesting, Its about a brother and sister love for each other. Even though there love for each other Is more than an ordinary brother and sister love, it more like a couple falling in love. Personally, find it to be very weird for a brother to be describing the site of his sister has his heart filled with joy and his heart is as happy in my breast as a red fish swimming in its pond. Just by eating that section of the poem you can tell these two are madly in love with each other. Plus, further along the text he states O, night, you are mine forever, since my sister has come In love to me In other word these two have reach the next chapter of their romance to a sexual level. In today society people would consider this to be incest, which is definitely disgusting. People with close relations shouldnt be having any sexual relationship. But if you get past the incest in this poem you can relate to this love story in today society. For this story to be created back in early Egyptian times its really similar to poems and books that we have today. Today we have thousands of romance poetry that talks about the love or loss or both. Also, they all attempt to capture mood and express the presence of the love and losses In the stories. For example, a story about first love will describe a boy that sees a young beautiful girl and immediately falls in love with her the first time he sets eyes on her. This kind of poetry will set a scene and mood in the beginning of the poem, then later n describe the over whelming emotions of love shared between the two. Pretty much no matter what era youre In, love is always going to be love. Even if its really wrong and has to be hidden from others. Anyone relate to any old or new love poetry. The Egyptian love poetry wouldnt have be accepted In today society because It between a brother and sister over powering love thats unusual for a brother and sister. But at the end of the day its still showing the passion these to two young people share and describing their love and keeping it a secret.